Note: This bibliography is a work in progress. We welcome suggestions regarding relevant resources. Please email them to: medievalblackseaproject@gmail.com. Reproduction of the entirety or of portions of this bibliography (or other use in publications) should be acknowledged with citation of https://medievalblackseaproject.princeton.edu and the date of access.

• The Medieval Black Sea Region
  • The Medieval Black Sea Region in General
  • Hinterlands of the Medieval Black Sea
    • Western Eurasia
    • Staraia Ladoga
    • Gnezdovo
    • Chernihiv
• Coastal Areas of the Medieval Black Sea
  • The Coastal Areas in General
  • The Western Coast
  • The Northern Coast
  • The Eastern Coast
  • The Southern Coast
  • Cities on the Medieval Black Sea
    • Cities on the Medieval Black Sea in General
    • Cherson
    • Caffa
    • Tana
    • Sinope
    • Amastris
  • Ships of the Medieval Black Sea
    • Ships of the Medieval Black Sea in General
    • Underwater Archaeological Remains of the Medieval Black Sea
  • Disease and the Medieval Black Sea Region
  • Trade in the Medieval Black Sea
    • Slave Markets of the Medieval Black Sea Region
  • Religion in the Medieval Black Sea
  • Art and Architecture of the Medieval Black Sea
  • Cultural Exchange and the Medieval Black Sea
    
    
• General Regional Histories Relevant to the Medieval Black Sea
  • Medieval Europe in General
    • Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages
    • The 6th Century in Eastern Europe
    • Coastal Areas of Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages
  • Travel and Trade in Medieval Europe
  • The Orthodox Church in Medieval Europe
    • The Orthodox Church in Medieval Europe in General
    • Saints and Cults of the Orthodox Church
  • The Byzantine Empire
    • The Byzantine Empire in General
    • Neighbors of the Byzantine Empire
      • Neighbors of the Byzantine Empire in General
      • Eastern Europe and Byzantium in General
      • The Northern Frontier of Byzantium
      • The Rus’ Kingdom and Byzantium
      • The Caucasus and Byzantium
    • Trade and the Byzantine Empire
    • Literature in Lands Neighboring Byzantium
    • Art and Architecture in Lands Neighboring Byzantium
    • Empire of Nicaea
    • Empire of Trebizond
    • The Black Death and Byzantium
  • Early Western Eurasian Empires
    • Huns, Avars, Turks, and Others
  • The Caliphate
    • The Caliphate in General
    • Neighbors of the Caliphate
  • The Slavs
    • Slavs in General
    • Serbia
  • Bulgaria
  • The Vikings
    • The Vikings in General
    • Trade of the Vikings
    • Identity of the Vikings
    • Neighbors of the Vikings
  • The Rus’ Kingdom
    • The Rus’ Kingdom in General
    • Neighbors of the Rus’ Kingdom
    • Jews of the Rus’ Kingdom
    • Dynastic Marriage in the Rus’ Kingdom
    • Political Ritual in the Rus’ Kingdom
    • Trade and the Rus’ Kingdom
    • Religion and the Rus’ Kingdom
    • Art of the Rus’ Kingdom
    • Historiographical Problems in Rus’ Studies
  • Russia
    • Russia in General
    • The Mongol Empire and Russia
    • Black Death and Russia
  • Latin Empire of Constantinople
  • Italian Cities in the Medieval Black Sea
    • Italian Cities in the Medieval Black Sea in General
    • Genoese Colonies in the Medieval Black Sea
      • Caffa under Genoese Rule
      • Slave Markets of the Genoese
      • Cultural Encounters of the Genoese in the Middle Ages
    • Venetian Colonies in the Medieval Black Sea
      • Tana under Venetian Rule
      • Slave Markets of the Venetians
  • The Mongol Empire
    • The Mongol Empire in General
    • The Mamluk Sultanate and the Mongol Empire
    • Black Death and the Mongol Empire
  • The Mamluk Sultanate
    • The Mamluk Sultanate in General
  • The Seljuk Empire
  • The Ottoman Empire
    • The Ottoman Empire in General
    • Anatolia under the Ottoman Empire
    • Black Death and the Ottoman Empire
      
• General Subject Histories Relevant to the Medieval Black Sea
  • Climate and Disease
    • The Black Death
      • Geography of the Black Death

 

The Medieval Black Sea Region

The Medieval Black Sea Region in General

King, Charles. The Black Sea: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.

Erkut, Gülden, and Stephen Mitchell, eds. The Black Sea: Past, Present and Future. Vol. 42. British Institute at Ankara, 2007.

Ivan, Ruxandra, ed. New Regionalism or No Regionalism? Emerging Regionalism in the Black Sea Area. Burlington: Ashgate, 2012.

Mascilli Migliorini, Luigi and Mirella Mafrici, ed. Mediterraneo e/è Mar Nero: due mari tra età moderna e contemporanea. Napoli: Edizioni scientifiche italiane, 2012.

Karpov, Sergei. “The Black Sea Region, Before and After the Fourth Crusade.” Urbs Capta: The Fourth Crusade and its Consequences = La IVe croisade et ses conséquences, edited by Angeliki Laiou, 283-92. Paris: Lethielleux, 2005.

Feldman, Alex. “Local Families, Local Allegiances: Sigillography and Autonomy in the Eleventh-Twelfth Century Black Sea.” BMGS 42.2 (2018): 202-218.

Hinterlands of the Medieval Black Sea

Western Eurasia

Schorkowitz, D. “Cultural Contact and Cultural Transfer in Medieval Western Eurasia.” Archaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology of Eurasia 40.3 (2012): 84-94.

Staraia Ladoga

Riabinin, E. I. “Busy Staroi Ladogi (po materialam raskopok 1973–1975 gg.).” Severnaia Rus’ i ee sosedi v epokhu rannego srednevekov’ia, edited by A. D. Stoliar: 165–72. Leningrad, (1982).

Nefedov, V. S. “Nekotorye zamechaniia ob ukrasheniiakh kul’tury smolenskikh dlinnykh kurganov iz raskopok v Staroi Ladoge.” Ladoga. Pervaia stolitsa Rusi. 1250 let nepreryvnoi zhizni, edited by D. A. Machinskii: 58–67 St Petersburg,. 2003.

Gnezdovo

Pushkina, T. A., et al. . “Gnezdovskii arkheologicheskii kompleks.” Rus’ v IX–X vv, edited by Makarov: 243-73. Moscow, 2012.

Murasheva, V. V. et al. “Issledovaniia pribrezhnoi territorii ozera Bezdonka na poimennoi chasti poselelii Gnedovskogo arkheologicheskogo kompleksa.” In Gnezdovskii arkheologicheskii kompleks: Materialy i issledovaniia, vyp. 1: 286–339. Moscow: Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Istoricheskogo Muzeia 210, 2018.

Murasheva, V. V. et al. “Vremia voznikoveniia poseleniia gnezdovskogo arkheologicheskogo kompleksa po dannym radiouglerodnogo datirovaniia.” Rossiikaia arkheologiia, vyp. 4 (2020),: 70–86.

Callmer, J. “At the watershed between the Baltic and the Pontic before Gnezdovo.” From Goths to Varangians: Communication and Cultural Exchange between the Baltic and the Black Sea, edited by L. Bjerg et al.: 39-86. Aarhus, 2013.

Chernihiv

Ollivier, E. and S. Stepanenko, ‘From Movement to Settlement: Hoards in the Chernihiv Area.” In A Viking Century: Chernihiv in the Tenth Century, edited by S. Stepanenko. Paris: 255–313.

Моця, О. Середньовічне Подніпров’я в системі між цивілізаційних контактів між Балтією та Чорномор’ям : нариси = Medieval Dnieper in Contact between Civilizations Baltic and Black Sea : essay. Kiev: Видавець Олег Філюк, 2017.

Coastal Areas of the Medieval Black Sea

The Coastal Areas in General

Biliarsky, Ivan, Ovidiu Cristea and Anca Oroveanu, eds. The Balkans and Caucasus: Parallel Processes on the Opposite Sides of the Black Sea. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2012.

The Western Coast

Tsetskhladze, Gocha R., Alexandru Avrum and James Hargrave, eds. The Danubian Lands Between the Black, Aegean and Adriatic Seas (7th century BC-10th century AD) : proceedings of the Fifth International Congress on Black Sea Antiquities (Belgrade – 17-21 September 2013). Oxford: Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2015.

Cristea, Ovidiu and Liviu Pilat, eds. From Pax Mongolica to Pax Ottomanica: War, Religion and Trade in the Northwestern Black Sea Region (14th-16th centuries). Boston: Brill, 2020.

The Northern Coast

Kozlovskaya, Valeriya. The Northern Black Sea in Antiquity: Networks, Connectivity, and Cultural Interactions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.

Bocharova, S. G. and A. G. Sitdikova. Genuėzskai︠a︡ Gazarii︠a︡ i Zolotai︠a︡ Orda. Kishinev; Kazanʹ; Simferopol’ : Stratum Plus, 2015-.

Pishchulina, Viktoria V. “Architecture of One-Apsidal Churches of North Black Sea Coast VI-XII c.” Materials Science Forum 931 (September 2018): 790–96.

The Eastern Coast

Baumer, Christoph. History of the Caucasus. Volume one, At the Crossroads of Empires. London: I.B. Tauris, 2021.

Coene, Frederik. The Caucasus: An Introduction. New York: Routledge, 2010.

Sauer, Eberhard et al. Dariali: The ‘Caspian Gates’ in the Caucasus from Antiquity to the Age of the Huns and the Middle Ages: The Joint Georgian-British Dariali Gorge Excavations and Surveys, 2013-2016. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2020.

Eastmond, Anthony. Royal Imagery in Medieval Georgia. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998.

The Southern Coast

Albayrak, Haşim. Tarih boyunca Doğu Karadeniz’de etnik yapılanmalar ve Pontus. İstanbul: Babıali Kitaplığı, 2003.

Tellioğlu, İbrahim. Osmanlı hakimiyetine kadar Doğu Karadeniz’de Türkler. Trabzon : Serander, 2004.

Papadopoulou-Symeōnidou, Parysatis. Trapezous: hē polē sto phōs tou politismou tēs: historia, koinōnia, mnēmeia, architektonikē. Thessalonikē : University Studio Press, 2011.

Lambrinos, Kostas E., ed. Κοινωνιες της υπαιθρου στην ελληνοβενετικη Ανατολη (13ος-18ος αι.) / επιστημονικη επιμελεια Κωστας Ε. Λαμπρινος = Società rurali nell’Oriente greco-veneziano (sec. XIII-XVIII). Athens: Akadēmia Athēnōn, Kentron Ereunēs tou Mesaiōnikou kai Neou Hellēnismou, 2018.

Cities on the Medieval Black Sea

Cities on the Medieval Black Sea in General

Karagianni, Flora, ed. 40 Medieval City-Ports in North Aegean and the Black Sea: A Cultural Guide. Thessalonike: European Centre for Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Monuments (2014).

Karagiannē, Phlōra, and Ufuk Kocabaş. Proceedings of the Symposium On City Ports From the Aegean to the Black Sea: Medieval-Modern Networks: 22nd-29th August 2015. Ege Yayinlari, 2015.

Gandila, Andrei. “Cities on the Black Sea Coast and the Circumpontic Exchange Network (c.400-700).” In The Routledge Handbook of the Byzantine City: From Justinian to Mehmet II (ca.500-ca.1500). edited by Nikolas Bakirtzis and Luca Zavagno, 107-138. Routledge, 2024.

Karagianni, Flora. “Networks of Medieval City-Ports on the Black Sea (7th-15th century). The Archaeological Evidence”. In: Harbours and Maritime Networks as Complex Adaptive Systems, ed. Johannes Preiser-Kapeller, Falko Daim (eds). pp.. 83-104. Mainz : Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, 2015.

Abdulhalik Bakir, “North and West Black Sea Port Cities by the Eyes of Travelers and Geographers Between Xth and XVth Centuries.” translated by Fatih Aksoy, Oğuz-Türkmen AraĢtırmaları Dergisi VI, 1, 2022, Haziran: 10-86.

Gjuzelev, Vasil. “Le città della costa bulgara del Mar Nero nei secoli dal XIII alla metà del XV (caratteristiche generali).” Aa. Vv., Mittelalterliches Bulgarien. Quellen, Geschichte, Hauptstädte und Kultur, Istanbul, Isis (2001): 202-234.

Balard, Michel. “Notes sur les ports du Bas-Danube au XIVe siècle.” Südost Forschungen 38 (1979): 1-12.

Grinberg, L. “‘Is This City Yours or Mine?’ Political Sovereignty and Eurasian Urban Centers in the Ninth through Twelfth Centuries.” CSSH 55.4 (2013): 895-921.

Cherson

Antonova, I. A. “Oboronitel’nye sooruzheniia Khersonesskogo porta v srednevekovuiu epokhu.” Antichnaia drevnost’ i srednie veka 7: 102-18.

Shepard, Jonathan. “Emissions, Missions and Empire: The Curious Case of Cherson.” Travaux et Mémoires 26 (2022): 691–722.

Caffa

Balard, Michel. “Genuensis civitas in extremo Europae: Caffa from the Fourteenth to the Fifteenth Century.” Medieval Frontiers: Concepts and Practices, edited by David Abulafia and Nora Berend, 159-168. London: Routledge, 2016.

Khvalkov, Evgeny A. “Europeans in the Black Sea Area during the Late Middle Ages: The Genoese Colony of Caffa.” Mediaevistik 31.1 (2018): 213-234.

Balard, Michel, and Gilles Veinstein. “Continuité ou changement d’un paysage urbain? Caffa génoise et ottomane.” Actes des congrès de la Société des historiens médiévistes de l’enseignement supérieur public 11.1 (1980): 79-131.

Tana

Karpov, Sergei P. “Тана—колыбель Кризиса середины XIV века.” Stratum plus. Археология и культурная антропология 6 (2016): 203-211.

Khvalkov, Evgeny Alexandrovitch. “A Regionalisation or Long-Distance Trade? Transformations and Shifts in the Role of Tana in the Black Sea Trade in the First Half of the Fifteenth Century.” European Review of History: Revue européenne d’histoire 23.3 (2016): 508-525

Sinope

Crow, Jim. “Sinope” In The Archaeology of Byzantine Anatolia: From the End of Late Antiquity until the Coming of the Turks, edited by P. Niewohner: 395-400. New York, Oxford University Press, 2017.

Crow, Jim. “Sinope and Byzantine Citadels and Fortresses on the Black Sea.” In Cities and Citadels in Turkey: From the Iron Age to the Seljuks, edited by S. Redford and N. Ergin: 229–52. Leuven: Peetrs, 2013.

Amastris

Crow, Jim. “Amastris” Archaeology of Byzantine Anatolia, edited by Niewohner: 389–94. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2017.

Ships of the Medieval Black Sea

Ships of the Medieval Black Sea in General

Dimitrov, Kalin, Jonathan Adams, Johan Rönnby, Kroum Bachvarov, Pavel Georgiev, Yordanov and Vesselin Draganov, “Underwater Archaeological Excavations (Early Bronze Age, Antiquity, Ottoman period) in the Sea Bay at the Mouth of Ropotamo river, Burgas region.” Archaeological Discoveries and Excavations 2019 (I): 369-376.

Balard, Michel. “Navigations génoises en Orient d’après les livres de bord du XIVe siècle.” Comptes rendus des séances de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres 132.4 (1988): 781-793.

Ballard, Robert D., et al. “Deepwater Archaeology of the Black Sea: The 2000 Season at Sinop, Turkey.” American Journal of Archaeology 105 (2001): 607-623.

Underwater Archaeological Remains of the Medieval Black Sea

Pacheco-Ruiz, Rodrigo, Jonathan Adams, and Felix Pedrotti, “4D Modelling of Low Visibility Underwater Archaeological Excavations Using Multi-Source Photogrammetry in the Bulgarian Black Sea.” Journal of Archaeological Science, 100 (2018).

Adams, Jonathan, Rodrigo Pacheco-Ruiz, Kalin Dimitrov, Kroum Batchvarov, Felix Pedrotti, William Symons, Michael Grant, Dragomir Garbov, Joakim Holmlund. “The Black Sea Maritime Archaeological Project – Maritime Archaeological Research off the Bulgarian Continental Shelf.” The Bulgarian Ministry of Culture (2017).

Adams, Jonathan, Rodrigo Pacheco-Ruiz, Justin Dix, Kalin Dimitrov, Kroum Batchvarov, Joakim Holmlund, and Dragomir Garbov. “The Black Sea Maritime Archaeological Project – Maritime Archaeological Research off the Bulgarian Continental Shelf.” The Bulgarian Ministry of Culture (2016).

Morozova, Yana, Sylvie Yona Waksman, and Sergey Zelenko. “Byzantine Amphorae of the 10th-13th Centuries from the Novy Svet Shipwrecks, Crimea, the Black Sea: Preliminary Typology and Archaeometric Studies.” In Multidisciplinary Approaches to Food and Foodways in the Medieval Eastern Mediterranean, edited by Sylvie Yona Waksman, 429–46. MOM Éditions, 2020.

Disease and the Medieval Black Sea Region

Robarts, Andrew. Migration and Disease in the Black Sea Region: Ottoman-Russian Relations in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016.

Barker, Hannah. “Laying the Corpses to Rest: Grain, Embargoes, and Yersinia pestis in the Black Sea, 1346–48.” Speculum 96.1 (2021): 97-126.

Trade in the Medieval Black Sea

Halil, Inalcik. “Trade: The Black Sea and Eastern Europe”. In An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1914, edited by Faroqhi, Suraiya, Bruce McGowan, and Sevket Pamuk, 271-314. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Balard, Michel. “The Black Sea: Trade and Navigation (13th-15th Centuries).” In Maritimes Mittelalter. Meere als Kommunikationsräume, edited by Michael Borgolte und Nikolas Jaspert,181-193. Jan Thorbecke Verlag, 2016.

Balard, Michel. “The Black Sea in the International Trade of the XIVth and XVth centuries.” Proceedings of the 22nd International Congress of Byzantine Studies. Sofia, 22–27 August 2011. Volume I, Plenary Papers. Фондация” Българско историческо наследство” 2011.

Asadov, Farda. “Khazaria, Byzantium, and the Arab Caliphate: Struggle for Control over Eurasian Trade Routes in the 9th-10th Centuries.” In Caucasus and Globalization 6.4 (2012): 140-150.

Karpov, Sergei. “The Grain Trade in the Southern Black Sea Region: The Thirteenth to the Fifteenth Century.” Mediterranean Historical Review 8.1 (1993): 55-73.

Georganteli, Eurydice. 2010. “Trapezuntine Money in the Balkans, Anatolia and the Black Sea, 13th-15th centuries.” In Trebizond and the Black Sea, edited by T. Kyriakides, 93-112. Thessaloniki: n.s.

Cassioli, Marco. “Mobility and Wax Trade in the Black Sea Region: The Merchants of Kilia, 1360-1361.” Hiperboreea 8 June 7 (1) (2020): 1–16.

Slave Markets of the Medieval Black Sea Region

Braund, D. “Royal Scythians and the Slave-Trade in Herodotus’ Scythia.” Antichthon 42: 1–19.

Roşu, Felicia, ed. Slavery in the Black Sea Region, c. 900-1900: Forms of Unfreedom at the Intersection Between Christianity and Islam. Boston: Brill, 2021.

Barker, Hannah. That Most Precious Merchandise: The Mediterranean Trade in Black Sea Slaves, 1260-1500. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019.

Amitai, Reuven. “Diplomacy and the Slave Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean: A Re-examination of the Mamluk-Byzantine-Genoese Triangle in the Late Thirteenth Century in Light of the Existing Early Correspondence.” Oriente moderno 88.2 (2008): 349-368.

Religion in the Medieval Black Sea

Feldman, Alex. The Monotheisation of Pontic-Caspian Eurasia: From the Eighth to the Thirteenth Century. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2022.

Kozelsky, Mara. “A Borderland Mission: The Russian Orthodox Church in the Black Sea Region.” Russian History 40 (2013): 111-132.

Art and Architecture of the Medieval Black Sea

Payne, Alina, ed. The Land between Two Seas: Art on the Move in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea 1300–1700. Boston: Brill, 2022.

Vagnon, Emmanuelle. “Representations: Painting, Mapping, Reinventing the Seas of the World.” In A Cultural History of the Sea in the Medieval Age, edited by Elizabeth Lambourn, 161–194. Bloomsbury Academic, 2021.

Milanova, Albena. “La sculpture architecturale de la côte bulgare de la mer Noire entre l’Est et l’Ouest aux XIII^e-XIV^e siècles.” Problemi na izkustvoto 1 (2017): 17-27.

Kançal-Ferrari, Nicole. “Transcultural Ornament and Heraldic Symbols: An Investigation into the Aesthetic Language of Early Modern Crimea and the Northern Black Sea Shore (Thirteenth–Sixteenth Centuries).” In The Land between Two Seas: Art on the Move in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea 1300–1700, edited by Alina Payne, 152-176. Brill, 2022.

Tourta, Anastasia, ed. Icons from the Thracian Coast of the Black Sea in Bulgaria. Athens: Kapon Editions, 2011.

Vanev, Ivan. In the Steps of Nessebar’s Icons. Sofia: Institut za izsledvane na izkustvata 2013.

Akat, Abdullah. Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde Çepniler ve müzik. Trabzon : Serander, 2012.

Coşkun, Altay, ed., with Joanna Porucznik and Germain Payen. Ethnic Constructs, Royal Dynasties and Historical Geography around the Black Sea Littoral. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2021.

Woodfin, Warren T.. “Spilled Wine, Spilled Blood: Spilling the Secrets of the Covered Cup from the Chungul Kurgan.” Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 87, 3 (2024): 307-344.

Cultural Exchange and the Medieval Black Sea

O’Doherty, Marianne, ed. Travels and Mobilities in the Middle Ages from the Atlantic to the Black Sea. Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2015.

Bjerg, Line M Højberg, John H. Lind, and Søren Michael Sindbæk, eds. From Goths to Varangians: Communication and Cultural Exchange between the Baltic and the Black Sea. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 2013.

Di Cosimo, Nicola. “Mongols and Merchants on the Black Sea Frontier (13th-14th c.): Convergences and Conflicts.” In Mongols, Turks, and Others: Eurasian Nomads and the Sedentary World, edited by Reuven Amitai and Michal Biran, 391-424.Boston: Brill, 2005.

Solomon, Flavius, Alexandru Zub and Marius Chelcu, eds. Ethnic Contacts and Cultural Exchanges North and West of the Black Sea from the Ottoman Conquest to the Present. Iasi: Trinitas, 2005.

Lewis, Franklin. Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teaching and Poetry of Jalâl Al-Din Rumi. Oneworld, 2008.

General Regional Histories Relevant to the Medieval Black Sea

Medieval Europe in General

Raffensperger, Christian, ed. Authorship, Identity, and Worldview in Medieval Europe. New York: Routledge, 2022.

Abu-Lughod, Janet L. Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250-1350. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

O’Doherty, Marianne and Felicitas Schmieder, ed. Travels and Mobilities in the Middle Ages: From the Atlantic to the Black Sea. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2015.

Jacoby, David. Medieval Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean and Beyond. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

Borgolte, Michael and Nikolas Jaspert. Maritimes Mittelalter : Meere als Kommunikationsräume. Ostfildern: Jan Thorbecke Verlag, 2016.

Huber-Rebenich, Gerlinde and Christian Rohr, Michael Stolz, ed. Wasser in der mittelalterlichen Kultur = water in medieval culture: Gebrauch, Wahrnehmung, Symbolik : uses, perceptions, and symbolism. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, GmbH, 2017,

Christie, Neil and Hajnalka Herold. Fortified Settlements in Early Medieval Europe: Defended Communities of the 8th-10th CTravels and mobilities in the Middle Ages : from the Atlantic to the Black Sea / edited by Marianne O’Doherty and Felicitas Schmieder.enturies. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2016.

Johnston, Ruth A. “Iron.” In All Things Medieval: An Encyclopedia of the Medieval World, 393–396. Greenwood, 2019.

Bryer, Anthony Applemore Mornington. “The Means of Agricultural Production: Muscle and Tools.” In The Economic History of Byzantium, edited by Angelike Laiou et al., Vol. I,101-113. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2002.

Rotman, Youval. “From Present to Past and Back.” In Slaveries of the First Millennium, 9-22. Arc Humanities Press, 2021.

Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages

Curta, Florin. Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages (500-1300). Boston: Brill, 2019.

Raffensperger, Christian. Conflict, Bargaining, and Kinship Networks in Medieval Eastern Europe. Lanham:Lexington Books, 2018.

Ostrowski, Donald and Christian Raffensperger, eds. Portraits of Medieval Eastern Europe, 900-1400. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

Curta, Florin. East Central & Eastern Europe in the Early Middle Ages. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005.

Curta, Florin. Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Fine, J. V. A. The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. The University of Michigan Press, 1983.

Fine, J. V. A. The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1987.

Musteață, Sergiu. Nomads and Natives beyond the Danube and the Black Sea: 700–900 CE. Leeds: Arc Humanities Press, 2018.

Boba, Imre. Nomads, Northmen and Slavs: Eastern Europe in the Ninth Century. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1967.

Spinei, Victor. The Great Migrations in the East and South East of Europe from the Ninth to the Thirteenth Centruy, translated by D. Badulescu. Amsterdam: Hakkert, 2003.

Huhtamaa, Heli. “Climate and the Crises of the Early Fourteenth Century in Northeastern Europe,” in: The Crisis of the 14th Century: Teleconnections between Environmental and Societal Change?, ed. Martin Bauch and Gerrit Jasper Schenk (Berlin: DeGruyter, 2019), pp. 80-99.

The 6th Century in Eastern Europe

Curta, Florin. The Long Sixth Century in Eastern Europe. Boston: Brill, 2021. 

Coastal Areas of Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages

Callmer, Johan. “At the Watershed between the Baltic and the Pontic before Gnezdovo.” In From Goths to Varangians: Communication and Cultural Exchange between the Baltic and the Black Sea, edited by Line Bjerg, John H. Lind and Søren M. Sindbæk, 39–86. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 2013.

Adams, Jonathan and Johan Rönnby, eds. Interpreting Shipwrecks. Maritime Archaeological Possibilities. Southampton: Highfield Press (2013).

Adams, Jonathan and Johan Rönnby. “The Consequences of New Warships: From Medieval to Modern and Our Dialectical Relationship with Things.” In On War On Board: Archaeological and historical perspectives on early modern maritime violence and warfare, edited by Johan Rönnby, Johan, 163 – 198. Stockholm: Södertörns Högskola, 2019.

Rönnby, Johan. “Maritime Durées: Long-Term Structures in a Coastal Landscape.” J Mari Arch 2, (2007): 65-82.

The Orthodox Church in Medieval Europe

The Orthodox Church in Medieval Europe in General

Shepard, Jonathan. The Expansion of Orthodox Europe: Byzantium, the Balkans and Russia. London Routledge, 2016.

Sullivan, Alice Isabella. “Architectural Pluralism at the Edges: The Visual Eclecticism of Medieval Monastic Churches in Eastern Europe.” Studii de Istoria şi Teoria Arhitecturii / Studies in History and Theory of Architecture (special issue – Marginalia: Architectures of Uncertain Margins) 4 (2016): 135–151.

Saints and Cults of the Orthodox Church

Ivanova, Mirela. “Re-thinking the Life of Constantine-Cyril the Philosopher.” Slavonic and East European Review 98 (2020): 434-63.

Garipzanov, Ildar H. “The Journey of St Clement’s Cult from the Black Sea to the Baltic Region.” In From Goths to Varangians: Communication and Cultural Exchange Between the Baltic and the Black Sea, edited by Line Bjerg, John H. Lind, and Soeren M. Sindbaek, 369–380. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 2013.

Butler, Thomas. “Saint Constantine-Cyril’s ‘Sermon on the Translation of the Relics of Saint Clement of Rome’.” Cyrillomethodianum 17-18 (1993-1994): 15-39.

Yawn, Lila. “Clement’s New Clothes. The Destruction of Old S. Clemente in Rome, the Eleventh-Century Frescoes, and the Cult of (Anti)Pope Clement III.” Reti Medievali Rivista, 13/1 (Apr. 2012): 175-208.

Travel and Trade in Medieval Europe

Rose, Susan. “The Shipwright’s Craft.”  In The Medieval Sea,13–38. Hambledon Continuum, 2007.

Shepard, Jonathan. “Networks: Thicker and Quicker by Water.” In A Cultural History of the Sea in the Medieval Age, 3–94. Bloomsbury Academic, 2021.

Preiser-Kapeller, Johannes. “Early Medieval Migration and Mobility, Fourth–Ninth Centuries.” In The Encyclopedia of the Global Middle Ages, edited by Erik Hermans. Arc Humanities Press/Bloomsbury Publishing, 2019.

Hoerder, Dirk. “Introductory Essay: Migration—Travel—Commerce—Cultural Transfer. The Complex Connections Byzantium-Kiev-Novgorod-Varangian Lands, 6–14th Century.” In Migration Histories of the Medieval Afroeurasian Transition Zone: Aspects of Mobility between Africa, Asia and Europe, 300-1500 C.E., edited by Preiser-Kapeller, Johannes, Lucian Reinfandt, and Yannis Stouraitis, 50-78. Brill, 2020.

Raffensperger, Christian. “Alternatives to Commonwealth: Modes of Connectivity Between Byzantium and Medieval Eastern Europe.”In The Cambridge Guide to the Worlds of Byzantium, edited by Elizabeth Bolman, Scott Fitzgerald Johnson, and Jack Tannous, 99-120. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2024.

Naismith, R. “Introduction: Approaching Medieval Money.” In A Cultural History of Money in the Medieval Age, edited by R. Naismith, 1-14. Bloomsbury Academic, 2019.

Stanley, J. F. “Negotiating Trade: Merchant Manuals and Cross-Cultural Exchange in the Medieval Mediterranean.” Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 30(1) (2018): 102-112.

Lopez, Robert. “Stars and Spices: The Earliest Italian Manual of Commercial Practice.” Economy, Society, and Government in Medieval Italy: Essays in Memory of Robert L. Reynolds, edited by David Herlihy, Robert Lopez, Vsevolod Slessarev, 35-42. Kent State University Press, 1969.

Shawcross, Teresa. “The World View of Marco Polo’s Devisament dou monde: Commercial Marvels, Silk-Route Nostalgia and Global Empire in the Late Middle Ages.” In Authorship, Worldview and Identity in Medieval Europe, edited by Christian Raffensperger, 142-170. Routledge, 2022.

Beckwith, Christopher. Empires of the Silk Road. Princeton University Press, 2009.

Liu, Xinru. The Silk Road in World History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.

Whitfield, Susan. Silk, Slaves and Stupas: Material Culture of the Silk Road. Oakland: University of California Press, 2018.

The Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire in General

Shepard, Jonathan, ed. The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire c. 500-1492. Cambridge University Press, 2019.

Kaldellis, Anthony. Romanland: Ethnicity and Empire in Byzantium. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2019.

Hendy, M. Studies in the Byzantine Monetary Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Efthymiadis, S. ed. The Ashgate Research Companion to Byzantine Hagiography, 2 vols, Farnham, 2011-2016.

Howard-Johnston, James. “The Two Great Powers in Late Antiquity: A Comparison.” In The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East III – States, Resources and Armies, edited by Averil Cameron, 157-226. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995.

Angelov, Dimiter. Imperial Ideology and Political Thought in Byzantium, 1204-1330. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Angelov, Dimiter. Church and Society in Late Byzantium. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, 2009.

Macrides, Ruth, Joseph Munitiz, and Dimiter Angelov. Pseudo-Kodinos and the Ceremonies of the Constantinopolitan Court: Dignities and Offices. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate, 2013.

Georganteli, Eurydice and Barrie Cook. Encounters. Travel and Money in the Byzantine World. London: Routledge, 2006.

Pitamber, Naomi Ruth.“Replacing Byzantium: Laskarid Urban Environments and the Landscape of Loss (1204-1261)”. PhD Dissertation, UCLA, 2015) [https://escholarship.org/uc/item/973684fr ]

Peacock, Anthony. “Urban Agency and the City Notables of Medieval Anatolia”, Medieval Worlds, 2021: 22-34.

Shawcross, Teresa.  “Theories of Decline from Metochites to Ibn Khaldūn” , in The Cambridge Intellectual History of Byzantium, ed. A. Kaldellis and N. Siniossoglou. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 615 -632.

Fotini Kondyli, Rural Communities in Late Byzantium. Resilience and Vulnerability in the Northern Aegean, Cambridge 2022.

Neighbors of the Byzantine Empire

Neighbors of the Byzantine Empire in General

Kaldellis, Anthony. Ethnography after Antiquity: Foreign Lands and Peoples in Byzantine Literature. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013.

Shepard, Jonathan.  “Byzantium’s Overlapping Circles.” In Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies, London, 21-16 August 2006, I: Plenary Papers, edited by Elizabeth Jeffreys, F.K. Haarer, with the assistance of Judith Gilliland, 15-55. Ashgate, 2006.

Angelov, Dimiter. “Asia and Europe Commonly Called East and West: Constantinople and Geographical Imagination in Byzantium.” In Imperial Geographies in Byzantine and Ottoman Space, edited by S. Bazzaz et al, 43-68. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

Shukurov, R.M. Byzantine Ideas of Persia, 650–1461. Routledge, 2024.

Eastern Europe and Byzantium in General

Obolensky, Dimitri. The Byzantine Commonwealth: Eastern Europe, 500-1453. Praeger Publishers, 1971.

Clucas, Lowell, ed. The Byzantine Legacy in Eastern Europe. New York: East European Monographs, 1988.

Τσουλκανάκης, Δημήτριος Κ. Το Βυζάντιο & οι Σλάβοι του ελλαδικού χώρου : συμβολή στη μεσαιωνική ιστορία της Ελλάδας κατά την περίοδο 6ος-10ος αι. Thessaloniki: Αφοί Κυριακίδη Εκδόσεις Α.Ε. 2015.

Meyendorff, John. Byzantium and the Rise of Russia: A Study of Byzantino-Russian Relations in the Fourteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.

Raffensperger, Christian. “Alternatives to Commonwealth: Modes of Connectivity Between Byzantium and Medieval Eastern Europe.” in The Cambridge Guide to the Worlds of Byzantium, edited by Elizabeth Bolman, Scott Fitzgerald Johnson, and Jack Tannous. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (forthcoming).

Shepard, Jonathan. “The Emperor’s Long Reach: Imperial Alertness to ‘Barbarian’ Resources and Force Majeure, from the Fifth to the Fifteenth Century.” In La diplomatie byzantine, de l’Empire romain aux confins de lEurope (Ve-XVe s.), edited by Nicolas Drocourt and Élisabeth Malamut, 287-315.Boston: Brill, 2020.

Shepard, Jonathan. “Emissions, Missions and Empire: The Curious Case of Cherson.” In Mélanges James Howard-Johnston, edited by Phil Booth and Mary Whitby, 691–722. Travaux et Mémoires 26: Paris, 2022.

The Northern Frontier of Byzantium

Gândilă, Andrei. Cultural Encounters on Byzantium’s Northern Frontier, c. AD 500-700: Coins, Artifacts and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.

Sarantis, Alexander. Justinian’s Balkan Wars: Campaigning, Diplomacy and Development in Illyricum, Thrace, and the Northern World A.D. 527-565. Prenton, U.K.: Francis Cairns, 2016.

Melnyk, Mykola. Byzantium and the Pechenegs: the historiography of the problem, translated by Yaroslav Prykhodko. Leiden: Brill, 2022.

Androshchuk, Fedir. Images of Power: Byzantium and Nordic Coinage: c. 995-1035. Kyiv: Laurus, 2016.

Jankowiak, Marek. “Byzantine Coins in Viking-Age Northern Lands.” In Byzantium and the Viking World, edited by Fedir Androshchuk, Jonathan Shepard, Monica White, 117-39. Uppsala: Uppsala Universiteit, 2016.

Shepard, Jonathan. “Constantinople: Gateway to the North: The Russians.” In Constantinople and its Hinterland, edited by C. Mango and G. Dagron, 243-260. Ashgate, 1995.

Lippard, B. G. “The Mongols and Byzantium (1243-1341).” PhD Dissertation, Indiana University, 1983.

Langdon, J. S. “Byzantium’s Encounter with the Chinggisids: An Introduction to the Byzantino-Mongolica.” Viator 29 (1998): 95-140.

The Rus’ Kingdom and Byzantium

Tachiaos, Antōnios-Aimilios N. Byzantio kai Rōsia : themata pneumatikōn kai politistikōn scheseōn. Thessalonikē: University Studio Press, 2016.

Καρδαράς, Γεώργιος Θ. Το Βυζάντιο και η Ρωσία του Κιέβου: (882-1240). Athēna: Ethniko Hidryma Ereunōn, Institouto Historikon Ereunōn, Tomeas Vyzantinōn Ereunōn, 2020.

Griffin, Sean. The Liturgical Past in Byzantium and Early Rus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.

Shepard, J. “Photios’ Sermons on the Rus Attack of 860: The Questions of his Origins, and the Route of the Rus’.” Prosopon Rhomaikon, Millennium-Studies in the Culture and History of the First Millennium CE 68, edited by A. Beihammer et al: 111–28. Berlin and Boston, 2017.

Eniosova, Natalia and Tamara Puškina. “Finds of Byzantine Origin from the Early Urban Centre Gnezdovo in the Light of the Contacts between Rus’ and Constantinople (10th – early 11th centuries AD).” In From Goths to Varangians: Communication and Cultural Exchange between the Baltic and the Black Sea, edited by Line Bjerg, John H. Lind and Søren M. Sindbæk, 39–86. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 2013.

The Caucasus and Byzantium

Foletti, Ivan, and Erik Thunø, eds. The Medieval South Caucasus: Artistic Cultures of Albania, Armenia and Georgia. Convivium. Supplementum, 2336-3452. Turnhout: Brepols, 2016.

Maranci, Christina. The Art of Armenia: An Introduction. Illustrated edition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2018.

Evans, Helen C., ed. Armenia: Art, Religion, and Trade in the Middle Ages. Illustrated edition. New York, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2018.

Maranci, Christina. Vigilant Powers: Three Churches of Early Medieval Armenia. Brepols, 2015.

Rapp, Stephen. 2012. “Caucassia and the First Byzantine Commonwealth: Christianisation in the Context of Regional Coherence.” NCEEER working papers.

Rayfield, Donald. Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia. London: Reaktion Books, 2013.

Alpago Novello, Adriano, Vaxtang Beriże, and Jacqueline Lafontaine-Dosogne. Art and Architecture in Medieval Georgia. Publications d’histoire de l’art et d’archéologie de l’Université Catholique de Louvain. Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium: Institut supérieur d’archéologie et d’histoire de l’art, Collège Érasme, 1980.

Eastmond, Antony. Tamta’s World: The Life and Encounters of a Medieval Noblewoman from the Middle East to Mongolia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.

Trade and the Byzantine Empire

Laiou, A. E. and C. Morrisson. The Byzantine Economy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Sheard, Jack. Byzantium and the Black Sea, c. 1000-1204. Diss. Royal Holloway, University of London, 2021.

Laiou, Angeliki. “Byzantium and the Black Sea, 13^th-15^th Centuries: Trade and the Native Populations of the Black Sea Area.” Bulgaria Pontica 2 (1988): 164-201.

Γεοργιαδης, Νικολαος Θ. Τα νομισματα των Παλαιολογων (1259-1453) : εικονογραφικη προσεγγιση / Νικολαος Θ. Γεοργιαδης. Thessalonikē : Ekdoseis Vanias, 2007.

Shepard, Jonathan. “Mists and Portals: The Black Sea’s North Coast.” In Byzantine Trade, 4th-12th Centuries. The Archaeology of Local, Regional and International Exchange, 2009:

Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies (38th: 2004: St. John’s College, University of Oxford), edited by Marlia Mu, 421-442. New York : Routledge, 2016.

Braund, David. “Procopius on the Economy of Lazica.” Classical Quarterly 41 (1991): 221-225.

Literature in Lands Neighboring Byzantium

Mikhailova, Yulia. “Compared to Women? The Life of Abraham of Smolensk in the Context of Medieval Visionary Literature.” Byzantinoslavica, Revue internationale des études byzantines 78/1–2, 2020: 173-202.

Art and Architecture in Lands Neighboring Byzantium

Olenka Pevny, ed. Perceptions of Byzantium and its Neighbors: 843-1261: The Metropolitan Museum of Art symposia. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000. 

Ousterhout, Robert. Eastern Medieval Architecture: The Building Traditions of Byzantium and Neighboring Land. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.

Eastmond, Antony. “The Limits of Byzantine Art.” In A Companion to Byzantium. Edited by Liz James, 313–322. Malden: Wiley, 2010.

Strezova, Anita. Hesychasm and Art: The Appearance of New Iconographic Trends in Byzantine and Slavic Lands in the 14th and 15th Centuries. Canberra: ANU Press, 2014.

Bakalova, Elka, and Margaret Dimitrova, and M.A. Johnson, eds. Medieval Bulgarian Art and Letters in a Byzantine Context. Sofia: American Research Center, 2017.

Bryer, Anthony and David Winfield. The Byzantine Monuments and Topography of the Pontos. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1985.

Empire of Nicaea

Angold, Michael. A Byzantine Government in Exile: Government and Society under the Laskarids of Nicaea, 1204–1261. London: Oxford University Press, 1975. 

Angelov, Dimiter. The Byzantine Hellene: The Life of Emperor Theodore Laskaris and Byzantium in the Thirteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.

Ekaterini, Mitsiou. “Ideology and Economy in the Politics of John III Vatatzes (1221-1254).” In Change in the Byzantine World in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries (First International Sevgi Gönül Byzantine Studies Symposium), ed. A. Odekan, E. Akyü, N. Necipoglu: 195-205. Istanbul: Vehbi Koç Vakfı, 2010.

Mitsiou, Ekaterini. “Networks of Nicaea: 13th-Century Socio-Economic Ties, Structures and Prosopography.” In Liquid & Multiple: Individuals & Identities in the Thirteenth-Century Aegean, ed. G. Saint-Guillain, D. Ch. Stathakopoulos: 91-1034. Paris: Association des amis du centre d’histoire et civilisation de Byzance, 2012.

Mistiou, Ekaterini. “A Transcultural Society? The Empire of Nicaea (1204-1261).” In Union in Separation: Diasporic Groups and Identitities in the Eastern Mediterranean, ed. G. Christ, F.-J. Morche:137-152. Rome: Viella, 2015.

Empire of Trebizond

Miller, William. Trebizond: The Last Greek Empire of the Byzantine Era 1204-1461. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1969.

Bryer, Anthony A. M. The Empire of Trebizond and the Pontos. London: Variorum Reprints, 1980.

Eastmond, Anthony, ed. Byzantium’s Other Empire: Trebizond. Istanbul: Koç Üniversitesi, Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araṣtirma Merkezi, 2016.

Eastmond, Anthony. Art and Identity in Thirteenth-Century Byzantium: Hagia Sophia and the Empire of Trebizond. London: Routledge, 2016.

Shukurov, Rustam. “Between Peace and Hostility: Trebizond and the Pontic Turkish Periphery in the Fourteenth Century.” MHR. Vol. 9/1 (1994): 20–72.

The Black Death and Byzantium

Congourdeau, Marie-Hélène. “La peste noire à Constantinople de 1348 à 1466,” Medicina nei secoli 11, no. 2 (1999), 377-90.

Feldman et al. 2016. Michal Feldman, Michaela Harbeck, Marcel Keller, Maria A. Spyrou, Andreas Rott, Bernd Trautmann, Holger C. Scholz, Bernd Päffgen, Joris Peters, Michael McCormick, Kirsten Bos, Alexander Herbig, and Johannes Krause, “A High-Coverage Yersinia pestis Genome from a 6^th-Century Justinianic Plague Victim,” Molecular Biology and Evolution 33, no. 11 (2016), 2911–2923.

Early Western Eurasian Empires

Huns, Avars, Turks, and Others

Maas, Michael with Nicola Di Cosmo. Empires and Exchanges in Eurasian Late Antiquity: Rome, China, Iran, and the Steppe, ca. 250 -750 CE. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.

Sarris, Peter. Beyond the Jade Gate: Sedentary and Nomadic Empires in Western Eurasia from Attila to Columbus, Princeton University Press (forthcoming).

Pohl, Walter. The Avars: A Steppe Empire In Central Europe, 567-822. Cornell University Press, 2018.

Pohl, Walter. “The Hun and Avar Empires.” In Empires to Be Remembered. Ancient Worlds through Modern Times, edited by Michael Gehler and Robert Rollinger, 141-156. Springer V.S, 2022.

Golden, Peter. Nomads and their Neighbors in the Russian Steppe: Turks, Khazars and Qipchaqs. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2003.

Golden, Peter B. and Haggai Ben-Shammai and András Róna-Tas. The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives. Leiden: Brill, 2007.

Golden, Peter. An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1992.

Musteață, Sergiu. Nomads and Natives Beyond the Danube and the Black Sea: 700-900 CE. Leeds: Arc Humanities Press, 2018.

Hacısalihoğlu, Fuat, ed. Ortaçağ’da Karadeniz ve Türkler: (Kelkit Havzası 1018-1228). Sultanahmet, İstanbul: Post Yayın Dağıtım, 2018.

Savvidēs, Alexēs G.K. Ounnoi, Vyzantio kai Eurōpē: ho kosmos tōn prōimōn Tourkōn. Athens: Hidryma Goulandrē-Chorn, 2000.

Golden, Peter. Turks and Khazars: Origins, Institutions, and Interactions in Pre-Mongol Eurasia. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2010.

Golden, Peter. “The Qipčaqs of Medieval Eurasia: An Example of Stateless Adaptation in the Steppes.” In Rulers from the Steppe: State Formation on the Eurasian Periphery, edited by G. Seaman and D. Marks: 132-157. Los Angeles: University of Southern California, 2001.

Καρδαράς, Γεώργιος Θ. Το Βυζάντιο και οι Άβαροι, 6.-9. αι. : πολιτικές, διπλωματικες και πολιτισμικές σχέσεις. Athens: Εθνικό Ίδρυμα Ερευνών, Ινστιτούτο Βυζαντινών Ερευνών, 2010.

Syrbe, Daniel. “Reiternomaden des Schwarzmeerraums (Kutriguren und Utiguren) und byzantinischen Diplomatie im. 6. Jahrhundert.” Acta Orientalia 65 (2012): 291-316.

Golev, K. “The Cuman Qīpchaqs and Crimea: The Role of the Peninsula in the Nomads’ Relations with the Outside World.” Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 24 (2018): 23–107.

Colvin, Ian, Besik Lortkipanidze, Nikoloz Murgulia. “Historical Overview of Colchis-Egrisi-Lazika.” In Nokalakevi-Tsikhegoji-Archaeopolis: Archaeological Excavations 2001-2010: Anglo-Georgian Expedition to Nokalakev, edited by Paul Everill, 1-11. Archaeopress, 2014.

Golden, Peter. “The Conversion of the Khazars to Judaism”. In The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives. Selected Papers from the Jerusalem 1999 International Khazar Colloquium, edited by Peter Golden, Haggai Ben-Shammai and Andras Rona-Tas, 123-162. Brill, 2007.

Howard-Johnston, James. D. “The Grand Strategy of the Sasanian Empire.” In Carsten Binder, Henning Börm, Andreas Luther (eds) Diwan: Studies in the History and Culture of the Ancient Near East and the Eastern Mediterranean. Festschrift für Josef Wiesehöfer zum 65. Geburtstag, pp. 591-614. Wellem Verlag, 2016.

The Caliphate

The Caliphate in General

Van Steenbergen, Jo. A History of the Islamic World, 600-1800: Empires, Dynastic Formations, and Heterogeneities in Islamic West-Asia. New York, Routledge, 2020.

Holmes, Catherine and Jonathan Shepard, Jo Van Steenbergen, Björn Weiler, eds. Political Culture in the Latin West, Byzantium and the Islamic World, c.700-c.1500: A Framework for Comparing Three Spheres. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021.

Zadeh, Travis. Mapping Frontiers across Medieval Islam: Geography, Translation and the ‘Abbasid Empire. London: I.B. Tauris, 2011.

Van Steenbergen, Jo, ed. Trajectories of State Formation across Fifteenth-Century Islamic West-Asia: Eurasian Parallels, Connections and Divergences. Boston: Brill, 2020.

Neighbors of the Caliphate

Noonan, T. S. “Why Dirhams First Reached Russia: The Role of Arab-Khazar Relations in the Development of the Earliest Islamic Trade with Eastern Europe.” Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 4 (1984): 151–282.

The Slavs

Slavs in General

Curta, Florin. Slavs in the Making: History, Linguistics and Archaeology in Eastern Europe (ca. 500 – ca. 700). New York: Routledge, 2021.

Curta, Florin. The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c. 500-700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

Barford, Paul. The Early Slavs: Culture and Society in Early Medieval Eastern Europe. London: British Museum Press, 2001.

Dolukhanov, Pavel. The Early Slavs: Eastern Europe form the Initial Settlement to the Kievan Rus. New York: Longman, 1996.

Serbia

Raffensperger, Christian. “Monastic Legitimation of Rulership in East and West.” In Seven Centuries Since the Death of Holy King Milutin, edited by Dragoljub Marjanovic. (forthcoming)

Khazaria

Artamonov, M.I. Istorii︠a︡ khazar. St. Petersburg: Filologicheskiĭ fakulʹtet Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2002.

Alikberov, A. K. Хазары: миф и история. Moscow: Mosty kulʹtury ; Ierusalim : Gesharim, 2010.

Dunlop, D. M. The History of the Jewish Khazars. Princeton University Press, 1954.

Калинина, T.M., В.С. Флёров, and В.Я. Петрухин. Хазария в кросскультурном пространстве : историческая география, крепостная архитектура, выбор веры. Москва: Рукописные памятники Древней Руси, 2014.

Golden, Peter. Khazar Studies: An Historic-Philological Inquiry into the Origins of the Khazars. Budapest: Akademiai Kiado, 1980.

Флёров, B. C. “Города” и “замки” Хазарского каганата : археологическая реальность. Moscow: Мосты культуры: Гешарим, 2011.

Noonan, T. S. “Khazaria as an Intermediary between Islam and Eastern Europe in the Second Half of the Ninth Century: The Numismatic Perspective.” Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 5 (1985): 179–204.

Bulgaria

Browning, Robert. Byzantium and Bulgaria: A Comparative Study across the Early Medieval Frontier. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975.

Dimitrov, D. The Proto-Bulgarians North and West of the Black Sea. Varna: 1987.

Akrabova-Zhandova, Ivanka. “Preslav Inlaid Ceramics.” In Studies in Memory of David Talbot Rice, edited by Giles Robertson and George Henderson” 25-33. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1975.

Yordanova, Lilyana. “The Story Behind the Image: The Literary Patronage of Tsar Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria between Ostentation and Decline.” In Late Byzantium Reconsidered: The Arts of the Palaiologan Era in the Mediterranean, edited by Andrea Mattiello and Maria Alessia Rossi, 193-206.New York: Routledge, 2019.

Yordanova, Lilyana. “Precious Revetments of the Virgin Eleusa Icon (Bulgaria) from the Perspective of Art History.” The Encyclopedia of the Global Middle Ages. Leeds: Arc Humanities Press, 2021.

Schwarcz, Andreas and Peter Soustal, Antoaneta Tcholakova, ed. Das mittelalterliche Bulgarien, Byzanz und Europa : Festschrift für Vasil Gjuzelev zum 75. Geburtstag. Wien: Lit, 2014.

The Vikings

The Vikings in General

Sindbæk, S. M. “Networks and Nodal Points: The Emergence of Towns in Early Viking Age Scandinavia.” Antiquity 81 (2007): 119–32.

Trade of the Vikings

Gruszczyński, Jacek, Marek Jankowiak and Jonathan Shepard, eds. Viking-Age Trade: Silver, Slaves and Gotland. New York: Routledge, 2019.

Kershaw, Jane, Gareth Williams, Søren Sindbæk, and James Graham-Campbell, eds. Silver, Butter, Cloth: Monetary and Social Economies in the Viking Age. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.

Sindbæk, Søren. “Silver Economies and Social Ties: Long-Distance Interaction, Long-Term Investments – and Why the Viking Age Happened.” In Silver Economies, Monetisation and Society in Scandinavia, AD 800- 1100, edited by J. Graham-Campbell, S. M. Sindbæk & G. Williams, 41-65. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 2011.

Kershaw, Jane et al. “The Scale of Dirham Imports to the Baltic in the Ninth Century: New Evidence from Archaeometric Analyses of Early Viking-Age Silver.” Fornvännen 116 (2021): 185-204.

Identity of the Vikings

Kershaw, Jane. Viking Identities: Scandinavian Jewellery in England. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.

Neighbors of the Vikings

Androshchuk, Fedir. Vikings in the East: Essays on Contacts along the Road to Byzantium (800-1100). Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet, 2013.

Androshchuk, Fedir. “What Does Material Evidence Tell Us about the Contacts between Byzantium and the Viking World c. 800-c. 1000?” In Byzantium and the Viking World, edited by Fedir Androshchuk, Jonathan Shepard, Monica White. Uppsala: Uppsala Universiteit, .2016.

Androshchuk, Fedir and V. Zotsenko. Skandinavskie drevnosti Iuzhnoi Rusi: katalog. Paris, 2012.

The Rus’ Kingdom

The Rus’ Kingdom in General

Raffensperger, Christian. Reimagining Europe: Kievan Rus’ in the Medieval World. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2012.

Raffensperger, Christian. The Kingdom of Rus’. Leeds: Arc Humanities Press, 2017.

Pritsak, Omeljan. The Origin of Rus’. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991.

Franklin, Simon and Jonathan Shepard. The Emergence of Rus: 750-1200, New York: Longman, 1996.

Mikhailova, Yulia. Property, Power, and Authority in Rus and Latin Europe, ca. 1000-1236. Leeds: Arc Humanities Press, 2018.

Franklin, Simon. Writing, Society and Culture in Early Rus, c. 950-1300. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Hanak, Walter. The Nature and the Image of Princely Power in Kievan Rus’, 980-1054. Leiden: Brill, 2014.

Makarov, N. A. ed. Rus’ v IX–X vv: arkheologicheskaia panorama. Vologda, 2012.

Schramm, G. Altrußlands Anfang. Historische Schlüsse aus Namen, Wörtern und Texten zum 9. und 10. Jahrhundert. Freiburg im Breisgau, 2002.

Feldman, Alex. “The First Christian Rus’ Generation: Contextualizing the Black Sea Events of 1016, 1024 and 1043.” Rossica Antiqua 16 (2018): 3-25.

Hraundal, Þórir Jónsson. “Identities, Ethnicities, Cultures: Ibn Fadlan and the Rus on the Middle Volga.” In Muslims on the Volga in the Viking Age: Diplomacy and Islam in the World of Ibn Fadlan, edited by Jonathan Shepherd and Luke Treadwell, 237-52. I.B. Tauris, 2023.

Ivanova, Mirela. Inventing Slavonic: Cultures of Writing Between Rome and Constantinople, xix, 1-31. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2024.

Neighbors of the Rus’ Kingdom

Minorsky, V. F. “Rus’ v Zakavkaz’e.” Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 3 (1953): 207–10.

Vukovich, Alexandra. “Enthronement in Early Rus: Between Byzantium and Scandinavia” Viking and Medieval Scandinavia 14 (2018): 175-196.

Tolochko, Oleksiy. “The Primary Chronicle’s ‘Ethnography’ Revisited: Slavs and Varangians in the Middle Dniepr and the Origin of Rus’ State.” In Franks, Northman, and Slavs: Identities and State Formation in Early Medieval Europe, edited by Ildar H. Garipzanov, Patrick Geary, Przemyslaw Urbanczyk, 169-188. Turnhout: Brepols, 2007.

Hraundal, Thorir Jonsson. “Integration and Disintegration: the ‘Norse’ in Descriptions of the Early Rus.” In Norman Tradition and Transcultural Heritage: Exchange of Cultures in the ‘Norman’ Peripheries of Medieval Europe, edited by Stefan Burkhardt and Thomas Foerster, 279-293. London: Routledge, 2013.

Mikhailova, Yulia. “Reflection of the Crusading Movement in Rusian Sources: Tantalizing Hints.” In Fruits of Devotion: Essays in Honor of Predrag Matejic, Conference Proceedings of the 7th International Hilandar Conference (15–17 June 2018) and a Volume in Honor of Predrag Matejic, edited by M. A. Johnson and Alice Isabella Sullivan. Columbus, Ohio: Published by the Department of Slavic and East European Languages and Cultures with the assistance of the Resource Center for Medieval Slavic Studies, The Ohio State University, 2020. Forthcoming.

Shepard, J. “Closer Encounters with the Byzantine World: The Rus at the Straits of Kerch.” In Pre-Modern Russia and its World. Essays in Honor of Thomas S. Noonan, edited by K. L. Reyerson et al.: 15-77. Wiesbaden, 2006.

Jews of the Rus’ Kingdom

Kulik, Alexander. Jews in Old Rus´: A Documentary History. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2023.

Dynastic Marriage in the Rus’ Kingdom

Raffansberger, Christian. Ties of Kinship: Genealogy and Dynastic Marriage in Kyivan Rus´. Massachusetts, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2016.

Raffesnperger, Christian. The Ruling Families of Rus’. Reaktion Books, forthcoming.

Zajac, Talia. “The Social-Political Roles of the Princess in Kyivan Rus’, ca. 945–1240.” In A Companion to Global Queenship, Leeds: Arc Humanities Press, 2018.

Zajac, Talia. “Marriage Impediments in Canon Law and Practice: Consanguinity Regulations and the Case of Orthodox-Catholic Intermarriage in Kyivan Rus, ca. 1000–1250,” In Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Congress of Medieval Canon Law, Toronto, 5–11 August 2012, edited by Joseph Goering, Stephan Dusil, Andreas Thier. Vatican City: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 2016.

Zajac, Talia. “Gloriosa Regina or ‘Alien Queen’? Some Reconsiderations on Anna Yaroslavna’s Queenship (r. 1050–1075)” Royal Studies Journal 3(1): 28–70.

Zajac, Talia. “Regina Binomia: Re-Examining the Evidence for Re-Baptism and Renaming of Latin Christian Brides in Pre-Mongol Rus’.” ByzantinoSlavica, Revue internationale des études byzantines 77/1-2, 2019: 264-290.

Political Ritual in the Rus’ Kingdom

Vukovich, Alexandra. “The Gift Economy of the Princes of Rus” Ruthenica XV (2019): 74-91.

Vukovich, Alexandra. “Victory and Defeat Liturgified: The Symbolic World of Martial Ritual in Early Rus.” In Victors and Vanquished. Cultures of War in the Northern and Mediterranean Worlds. Byzantium and European Cultures of War, edited byJohannes Pahlitzsch. Mainz: Mainz University Press, 2021.

Mikhailova, Yulia and David K. Prestel. “Cross Kissing: Keeping One’s Word in Twelfth-Century Rus’.” Slavic Review 70.1 (2011): 1-22.

Vukovich, Alexandra. “Le Prince et son épée dans le Rous’ du Nord à la suite de l’exil byzantin de Vsévolod Iourevich.” Byzance et ses voisins : XIII^e-XV^e siècle, edited by Élisabeth Yota, 86-107.Bern: Peter Lang, 2021.

Vukovich, Alexandra. “The 1498 Inauguration of Dimitrii Ivanovich in Moscow: A Byzantine Performance?” In North of Byzantium, East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450-1450, edited by Maria Alessia Rossi and Alice Sullivan, 35-72. Leiden: Brill, 2020.

Trade in the Rus’ Kingdom

Kuleshov, Viacheslav S., Coin Circulation in Early Rus and the Dynamics of the Druzhinas. Routledge, 2020.

Noonan, Thomas S. and Kovalev, Roman K. “Wine and Oil for All the Rus’! The Importation of Byzantine Wine and Olive Oil to the Kievan Rus’.” In The Expansion of Orthodox Europe. Byzantium, the Balkans and Russia, edited by Jonathan Shepard, 185-220. Routledge, 2007.

Religion and the Rus’ Kingdom

Mikhailova, Yulia. “‘Christians and Pagans’ in the Chronicles of Pre-Mongolian Rus: Beyond the Dichotomy of ‘Good Us’ and ‘Bad Them'” In Geschichte der Slavia Asiatica: Quellenkundliche Probleme, edited by Christian Lübke, Ilmira Miftakhova and Wolfram von Scheliha, edited by Christian Lübke, Ilmira Miftakhova and Wolfram von Scheliha, 22-51. Leipzig: Leipziger Universitätsverlag, 2013.

Raffensperger, Christian. “Search for Rusian Monsatic Legitimization.” In Religion: Proceedings оf the 8th International Symposium on Byzantine and Medieval Studies “Days of Justinian I”, Skopje, 13-14 November, 2020, edited by Mitko Panov. Skopje: Institute of National History: 2021.

Art of the Rus’ Kingdom

Pevny, Olenka. “Kievan Rus.’” In The Glory of Byzantium, edited by Helen C. Evan and William D. Wixom, 156-157. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1997.

Pevny, Olenka. “Dethroning the Prince: Princely Benefaction and Female Patronage in Medieval Kyiv.” Harvard Ukrainian Studies 29, 1-4, (2007): 61-108.

Zajac, Talia. “Remembrance and Erasure of Objects Belonging to Rus’ Princesses in Medieval Western Sources: the Cases of Anastasia Iaroslavna’s ‘Saber of Charlemagne’ and Anna Iaroslavna’s Red Gem” In Moving Women Moving Objects (400 –1500), edited by Tracy Chapman Hamilton and Mariah Proctor-Tiffany, 33–58. Boston: Brill, 2019. 

Historiographical Problems in Rus’ Studies

Vukovich, Alexandra. “The Yardsticks by which We Measure Rus” Russian History 46:2-3 (2019): 213-224.

Raffensperger, Christian. “Mykhailo Hrushevsky and the Construction of the Medieval History of Rus’” Harvard Ukrainian Studies 38:1-2, 2021: 71-86.

Russia

Russia in General

Barnes, Ian, with an introduction by Dominic Lieven. Restless Empire: A Historical Atlas of Russia, Harvard University Press, 2015.

Chadwick, Nora. The Beginnings of Russian History: An Enquiry into Sources. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966.

Martin, Janet. Medieval Russia, 980-1584. Cambridge:  Cambridge University Press, 2008.

Fennell, John. The Crisis of Medieval Russia, 1200–1304. Longman, 1983.

Kaiser, Daniel H. and Gary Marker, eds. Reinterpreting Russian History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Stremoukhoff, Dmitrii. “Moscow the Third Rome: Sources and Doctrine.” Speculum 28 (1953):84-101.

Plokhy, Serhii. Lost Kingdom: The Quest for Empire and the Making of the Russian Nation from 1470 to the Present. New York: Hachette, 2017: 75-77.

The Mongol Empire and Russia

Halperin, Charles. Russia and the Golden Horde: The Mongol Impact on Medieval Russian History. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987.

Black Death and Russia

Langer, Lawrence N. “The Black Death in Russia: Its Effects Upon Urban Labor,” Russian History 2 (1975), 59–60.

Savinetsky, A. B., and O. A. Krylovich. “On the History of the Spread of the Black Rat (Rattus rattus L., 1758) in Northwestern Russia,” Biology Bulletin 38, no. 2 (2011), 203–7.

Latin Empire of Constantinople

Shawcross, Teresa. “Conquest Legitimized: The Making of a Byzantine Emperor in Crusader Constantinople (1204–1261).” In Byzantines, Latins, and Turks in the eastern Mediterranean world after 1150, ed. J. Harris et al., 180-220. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2012.

Van Tricht, Filip. The Horoscope of Emperor Baldwin II: Political and Sociocultural Dynamics in Latin-Byzantine Constantinople. Leiden: Brill, 2019.

Richard, Jean. “À Propos de la Mission de Baudouin de Hainaut: L’Empire Latin de Constantinople et les Mongols.” In Francs et Orientaux dans le monde des Croisades, XXII. Aldershot: Variorum, 2003.

Giebfried, John. “The Mongol invasions and the Aegean world (1241–61).” Mediterranean Historical Review 28 (2013): 129-139.

Italian Cities in the Medieval Black Sea

Italian Cities in the Medieval Black Sea in General

Mihai Damian, Iulian et al. Italy and Europe’s Eastern Border (1204-1669). Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2012.

Genoese Colonies in the Medieval Black Sea

Khvalkov, Evgeny. The Colonies of Genoa in the Black Sea Region: Evolution and Transformation. New York: Routledge, 2018.

Balard, Michel. La Romanie génoise (XIIe-début du XVe siècle). Rome: École française de Rome, 1978.

Basso, Enrico. Insediamenti e commercio nel Mediterraneo bassomedievale: i mercanti genovesi dal Mar Nero all’Atlantico. Torino: Marco Valerio, 2008.

Balard, Michel. “Les Génois en Romanie entre 1204 et 1261. Recherches dans les minutiers notariaux génois.” Mélanges de l’école française de Rome 78.2 (1966): 467-502.

Balard, Michel. “Gênes et la mer Noire (XIII e-XV e siècles).” Revue historique 270.Fasc. 1, 547 (1983): 31-54.

Quirini-Popławski, Rafal. The Art of the Genoese Colonies of the Black Sea Basin (1261-1475). Brill, 2023.

Caffa under Genoese Rule

Balard, Michel. “Notes sur la fiscalité génoise à Caffa au XVe siècle.” Bulletin de la Société nationale des Antiquaires de France 1993.1 (1995): 224-241.

Slave Markets of the Genoese

Barker, Hannah. “Christianities in Conflict: The Black Sea as a Genoese Slaving Zone in the Later Middle Ages.” In Slaving Zones: Cultural Identities, Ideologies, and Institutions in the Evolution of Global Slavery, edited by Jeff Fynn-Paul and Damian Pargas, 50-69. Leiden: Brill, 2017.

Balard, Michel. “Black Sea Slavery in Genoese Notarial Sources, 13th–15th Centuries.” In Slavery in the Black Sea Region, c. 900–1900: Forms of Unfreedom at the Intersection Between Christianity and Islam, edited by Felicia Roşu, 19-40. Boston: Brill, 2021.

Balard, Michel. “Remarques sur les esclaves à Gênes dans la seconde moitié du xiiie siècle.” Mélanges de l’école française de Rome 80.2 (1968): 627-680.

Cultural Encounters of the Genoese in the Middle Ages

Balard, Michel. “The Greeks of Crimea under Genoese Rule in the XIVth and XVth Centuries.” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 49 (1995): 23-32.

Venetian Colonies in the Medieval Black Sea

Karpov, Sergei. “Venetian Navigation to the Black Sea Areas, 13th–15th Centuries.” In The Sea in History. The Medieval World = La mer dans l’histoire. Le moyen âge, edited by Michel Balard, 465-474. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2017.

Tana under Venetian Rule

Stahl, Alan M. “Where the Silk Road Met the Wool Trade: Venetian and Muslim Merchants in Tana in the Late Middle Ages 1.” In Crusading and Trading between West and East: Studies in Honour of David Jacoby, edited by Sophia Menache, Benjamin Z. Kedar, Michel Balard, 351-364. New York: Routledge, 2018.

Khvalkov, Evgeny. “The Commercial Significance of the Venetian Tana in the 1430s.” Eminak: Scientific Quarterly Journal 4, 28, (2019): 131-140.

Khvalkov, Evgeny A. “The Society of the Venetian Colony of Tana in the 1430s based on the Notarial Deeds of Niccolò di Varsis and Benedetto di Smeritis.” Studi storici 57.1 (2016): 93-110.

Slave Markets of the Venetians

Karpov, Sergei. “Slavery in the Black Sea Region in Venetian Notarial Sources, 14th–15th Centuries.” In Slavery in the Black Sea Region, c. 900–1900: Forms of Unfreedom at the Intersection Between Christianity and Islam, edited by Felicia Roşu, 41-59. Boston: Brill, 2021.

Misc.

Figliuolo, Bruno. Dal Mar Nero al delta del Nilo : i pisani e i loro commerci nel Levante (secoli XIII-XIV). Udine: Forum, 2021.

The Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire in General

May, Timothy. The Mongol Conquests in World History. London: Reaktion Books, 2012.

Amitai, Reuven and Michal Biran, eds. Mongols, Turks, and Others: Eurasian Nomads and the Sedentary World. Boston: Brill, 2021.

Amitai, Reuven, and David Orrin Morgan, eds. The Mongol Empire and its Legacy. Boston: Brill, 1999.

May, Timothy. “The Mongol Military.” In The Mongols, 43-54. Arc Humanities Press, 2019.

Amitai, Reuven, and Michal Biran, eds. Nomads as Agents of Cultural Change: The Mongols and Their Eurasian Predecessors. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2014.

Ciocîltan, Virgil. The Mongols and the Black Sea Trade in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries, translated by Samuel Willcocks. Leiden: Brill, 2012.

Savvidēs, Alexios G.K. Hē hidrysē tēs Mongolikēs Autokratorias : ho Tzennkis Chan, hoi epigonoi tou kai ho kosmos tēs Anatolēs, 1206-1294 m.Ch. Athēna : Iōlkos, 2004.

Золотая Орда и Причерноморье : уроки Чингисидской империи = Алтын Урда һәм Кара Диңгез Буйлары : Чыңгызыйлар империясе сабаклары : каталог выставки / Государственный Эрмитаж, Государственный историко-архитектурный и художественный музей-заповедник “Казанский Кремль” = The Golden Horde and the Black Sea Region : lessons of the Genghisid Empire : exhibition catalog / The State Hermitage Museum, The State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve “Kazan Kremlin”. Moskva : Fond Mardzhani, 2019.

Jackson, Peter. The Mongols & the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017.

Jackson, Peter. The Mongols and the West, 1221-1410. Harlow, England: Pearson Longman, 2005.

Allsen, Thomas T. “Population Movements in Mongol Eurasia,” in Nomads as Agents of Cultural Change: The Mongols and Their Eurasian Predecessors, edited by Reuven Amitai and Michal Biran: 119-151. Honolulu: Hawaii University Press, 2015.

Allsen, Thomas T. “Mongols as Vectors of Cultural Transmission,” in The Cambridge History of Inner Asia,vol. 2: The Chinggisid Age, edited by N. Di Cosmo, P. B. Golden and A. J. Frank: 135-154. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Di Cosmo, Nicola. “Black Sea Emporia and the Mongol Empire: A Reassessment of the Pax Mongolica,” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 53 (2010), 83-108.

Di Cosimo, Nicola. “Mongols and Merchants on the Black Sea Frontier (13th-14th c.): Convergences and Conflicts.” In Mongols, Turks, and Others: Eurasian Nomads and the Sedentary World, edited by Reuven Amitai and Michal Biran, 391-424.Boston: Brill, 2005.

Blake, Robert P., and Richard N. Frye. “History of the Nation of the Archers (The Mongols) by Grigor of Akanc.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 12 (1949), 269-443.

Peacock, Andrew. Islam, Literature and Society in Mongol Anatolia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.

The Mamluk Sultanate and the Mongol Empire

Amitai, Reuven, and R. Amitai. Holy War and Rapprochement: Studies in the Relations between the Mamluk Sultanate and the Mongol Ilkhanate (1260-1335). Turnhout: Brepols, 2013.

Amitai, Reuven. Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk-Ilkhanid War 1260-1281. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Black Death and the Mongol Empire

Schamiloglu, Uli. “The Impact of the Black Death on the Golden Horde: Politics, Economy, Society, and Civilization,” Golden Horde Review / Zolotoordïnskoe obozrenie 5:2 (2017), 325-343.

Schamiloglu, Uli. “Preliminary Remarks on the Role of Disease in the History of the Golden Horde,” Central Asian Survey 12, no. 4 (1993), 447-57.

Schamiloglu, Uli. “Reflections on Regional Variation in the Impact of the Black Death on the Golden Horde,” Tyurkologicheskie issledovaniya / Turkological Studies 1:3 (2018), 19-22.

Pederson, Neil, Amy E. Hesslb, Nachin Baatarbileg, Kevin J. Anchukaitis, and Nicola Di Cosmo. “Pluvials, Droughts, the Mongol Empire, and Modern Mongolia” PNAS 111 (2014), 4375-79.

The Mamluk Sultanate

The Mamluk Sultanate in General

Van Steenbergen, Jo. Order out of Chaos: Patronage, Conflict an Mamluk Socio-Political Culture (1341-1382). Boston: Brill, 2006.

Behrens-Abouseif, Doris. Practising Diplomacy in the Mamluk Sultanate: Gifts and Material Culture in the Medieval Islamic World. London: I.B.Tauris, 2014.

Amitai, Reuven. “The Mamlūk Institution, or One Thousand Years of Military Slavery in the Islamic World.” Arming Slaves: from classical times to the modern age, edited by Christopher Leslie Brown and Philip D. Morgan, 40-78. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.

Van Steenbergen, Jo. “Where Are the Awlād Al-Nās? Arabic Historiography, Mamlūkization, and the Semantics and Discursive Politics of a Polysemous Concept.” In Mamluk Descendants: In Search for the Awlād al-Nās, edited by Anna Kollatz, 25-96. Bonn: Bonn University Press, 2022.

Van Steenbergen, Jo. “Nomen Est Omen: David Ayalon, the Mamluk Sultanate, and the Reign of the Turks.” In Egypt and Syria under Mamluk Rule: Political, Social and Cultural Aspects, edited by Amalia Levanoni, 119-1137. Boston: Brill, 2021.

Barker, Hannah. “Reconnecting with the Homeland: Black Sea Slaves in Mamluk Biographical Dictionaries.” Medieval Prosopography (2015): 87-104.

Dols, Michael. “The General Mortality of the Black Death in the Mamluk Empire,” in The Islamic Middle East, 700–1900: Studies in Economic and Social History, ed. Abraham Udovitch (Princeton, 1981), 411-14.

The Seljuk Empire

Canby, Sheila et al., eds. Court and Cosmos: The Great Age of the Seljuqs. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2016.

Korobeinikov, Dimitri. Byzantium and the Turks in the Thirteenth Century. Oxford University Press, 2014.

Peacock, Andrew C. S., Yildiz, Sara Nur. Seljuks of Anatolia: Court and Society in the Medieval Middle East. London: I. B. Tauris, 2013.

Shukurov, Rustam. “Two Waves of Nomadic Migration in the Pontos in the Thirteenth-Fourteenth ‎Centuries.” International Journal of Black Sea Studies 1 (2006): 29-44.

Shukurov, Rustam. “Harem Christianity: The Byzantine Identity of Seljuk Princes.” In The Seljuks of Anatolia: Court and Society in the Medieval Middle East, edited by A.C.S. Peacock, S.N. Yildiz. I.B. Tauris, 2012.

Shukurov, Rustam. The Byzantine Turks, 1204-1461. Brill, 2016.

Shukurov, Rustam. “The Empire of Trebizond and the Golden Horde.”In I. Uluslararası Karadeniz Tarihi Sempozyumu. Bildiriler Kitabı, edited by Kenan Inan, 89-95. T.C. Avrasya Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü, 2020.

The Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire in General

Speros, Vryonis, The Decline of Medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the Process of Islamization from the Eleventh through the Fifteenth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971.

Korobeinikov, Dimitri. Byzantium and the Turks in the Thirteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.

Shukurov, Rustam. “Two Waves of Nomadic Migration in the Pontos in the Thirteenth-Fourteenth ‎Centuries.” International Journal of Black Sea Studies 1 (2006): 29–44.

Inalcik, Halil and Donald Quataert, eds. An Economic and Social History of The Ottoman Empire (1300–1914). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Özlü, Zeynel. Batı Karadeniz’de antik bir Osmanli kenti : Prusias ad Hypium, Üskübü (Konuralp). Bakanlıklar, Ankara: İtalik, 2009.

Anatolia under the Ottoman Empire

Peacock, A.C.S., Bruno De Nicola, and Sara Nur Yildiz, eds. Islam and Christianity in medieval Anatolia. Ashgate, 2015.

Korobeynikov, Dimitri.  “Orthodox Communities in Eastern Anatolia in the 13th-14th Centuries. Part 1: The Two Patriarchates: Constantinople and Antioch.” Al-Masāq 15 (2003): 197-214.

Korobeynikov, Dimitri. “Orthodox Communities in Eastern Anatolia in the 13th-14th Centuries. Part 2: The Time of Troubles.” Al-Masāq 17 (2005): 1-29.

Black Death and the Ottoman Empire

Varlık, Nükhet. Plague and Empire in the Early Modern Mediterranean World: The Ottoman Experience, 1347–1600 (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2015).

General Subject Histories Relevant to the Medieval Black Sea

Climate and Disease

Campbell, Bruce. The Great Transition: Climate, Disease and Society in the Late Medieval World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.

McNeill, William H. Plagues and Peoples (New York: Anchor Press, 1976; rev. ed. 1998).

Cohn, Samuel K., Jr. Cultures of Plague: Medical Thinking at the End of the Renaissance (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010).

Green, Monica H. “Climate and Disease in Medieval Eurasia,” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History, edited by David Ludden. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.

Bauch, Martin. “The Dantean Anomaly (1309-1321): Rapid Climate Change in Late Medieval Europe with a Global Perspective,” Mittelalter. Interdisziplinäre Forschung und Rezeptionsgeschichte 1 (2018), pp. 92-103, http://mittelalter.hypotheses.org/12108.

Marcel Keller, “Palaeogenetic Insights into the First Plague Pandemic (541-750),” lecture presented in series, Plagues and Pandemics in Antiquity, Brown University, 17 November 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nspgvzMgFaM&feature=youtu.be. 

Marcel Keller, Maria A. Spyrou, Michael McCormick, Kirsten I. Bos, Alexander Herbig, Johannes Krause, “Ancient Yersinia pestis Genomes Provide No Evidence for the Origins or Spread of the Justinianic Plague,” bioRxiv, https://doi.org/10.1101/819698, posted 31 October 2019; updated 12 November 2019 (with correction of dates in abstract).

The Black Death

Cohn, Samuel K., Jr. The Black Death Transformed: Disease and Culture in Early Renaissance Europe (London and New York: Arnold and Oxford University Press, 2002).

Dols, Michael. The Black Death in the Middle East (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977).

Green, Monica H. “The Four Black Deaths.” The American Historical Review 1.5 (2020): 1601–1631.

Green, Monica. “A New Definition of the Black Death: Genetic Findings and Historical Interpretations.” De Medio Aevo 11, 2 (2022): 139-55.

Bauch, Martin. “The Dantean Anomaly (1309-1321): Rapid Climate Change in Late Medieval Europe with a Global Perspective,” Mittelalter. Interdisziplinäre Forschung und Rezeptionsgeschichte 1 (2018), pp. 92-103, http://mittelalter.hypotheses.org/12108.

Bartsocas, Christos S. “Two Fourteenth-Century Greek Descriptions of the ‘Black Death.’” Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 21/4 (1966): 394–400.

Wheelis, Mark. “Biological warfare at the 1346 siege of Caffa,” Emerging Infectious Diseases 8.9 (2002): 971-975.

Geography of the Black Death

Norris, John. “East or West? The Geographic Origin of the Black Death,” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 51 (1977), 1-24.

Green, Monica H. “Taking ‘Pandemic’ Seriously: Making the Black Death Global,” The Medieval Globe 1 (2014), 27-61; repr. in: Pandemic Disease in the Medieval World: Rethinking the Black Death, ed. Monica H. Green (Amsterdam and Kalamazoo, MI: Arc-Medieval Press, 2015), pp. 27-61.

Green, Monica H. “The Globalisations of Disease,” in Human Dispersal and Species Movement: From Prehistory to the Present, ed. Nicole Boivin, Rémy Crassard, and Michael D. Petraglia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017), pp. 494-520.